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The phrase "乃至" is a conjunction in Chinese that translates to "even" or "up to" in English. It is used to indicate inclusivity or to extend a statement to a broader scope. This structure often emphasizes that the items or concepts mentioned are part of a larger category or continuum.
In the examples provided:
他的脸色、眼神，乃至一举一动，都被别人看得清清楚楚。
Translation: "His facial expression, gaze, and even every move were clearly seen by others."
Here, "乃至" emphasizes that not only his facial expression and gaze but also his every action is included in what others observe.
他熟悉北京，也熟悉巴黎，乃至全世界。
Translation: "He is familiar with Beijing, also familiar with Paris, and even the whole world."
In this case, "乃至" indicates that his familiarity extends beyond just Beijing and Paris to encompass the entire world.
Overall, "乃至" serves to highlight the extent or inclusivity of the subject being discussed, making it a useful expression in both written and spoken Chinese.