HSK 6 Grammar

For HSK 6 we will study 67 new grammar points in ?? lessons.

1. Prefixes and Suffixes

   1. Class prefixes: Prefixes like 超-, 多-, 反-, 无-, 亚-, 准- modify meaning to indicate "super-", "multi-", "anti-", "no-", "sub-", "quasi-".
   2. Class suffixes: Suffixes like -化, -式, -型, -性 turn words into nouns or adjectives expressing transformation, style, type, or nature.

2. Demonstrative Pronouns VI

   1. Demonstrative pronouns: Pronouns 本 and 此 are used to point out specific people, places, or things.

3. Classifiers VI

   1. Nominal classifiers: Measure words like 餐、串、滴、副、股、集、枝 quantify nouns such as meals, bunches, drops, pairs, shares, episodes, or flowers.
   2. Verbal classifiers: Measure words like 番、声、趟 quantify actions or occurrences like rounds, sounds, or trips.

5 Degree Adverbs VI 6. Degree adverbs: Words like 特 and 异常 intensify the degree of adjectives or verbs.

Scope Adverbs VI 7. Scope and coordination adverbs: Words like 尽、净、一齐、一同 indicate totality or joint actions.

Time Adverbs VI 8. Time adverbs: Words like 时时、一时、早晚 express frequency, momentary occurrence, or inevitability. 9. Conjunctive adverb 便: Indicates immediate sequence of actions or events.

1. Manner adverbs: Words like 不禁、赶忙、亲眼、特地、特意 describe ways actions are performed or feelings arise.
2. Modal adverb 仿佛: Expresses a seeming or imagined state.
   
   Particles  
   
   
3. Modal particles: Words like 才、刚好、偏、恰好 express emphasis, coincidence, or contrast.
   
   Prepositions  
   
   
4. Preposition 于: Introduces time or location.
5. Preposition 沿(着): Indicates direction or path followed.
6. Prepositions 同、与: Indicate association or relationship with an object.
7. Preposition 至于: Introduces topics about which further comment or explanation follows.
8. Preposition 因: Introduces reason or cause.
9. Preposition 除: Expresses exclusion or exception.
10. Preposition 据: Indicates basis, source, or evidence.

8 Conjuctions 20. Conjunctions 而、同、与: Connect words or phrases to show relationship or contrast. 21. Conjunctions 不料、可、若: Connect clauses indicating unexpected results, contrast, or conditions.

9 More Particles? 22. Structural particle 所: Marks noun clauses or nominalizes verbs. 23. Modal particles 罢了、啦、嘛: Express mood, soften tone, or indicate obviousness.

1. Phrase structure: 数词+形容词+量词 forms quantify noun phrases precisely.
2. Fixed phrase 或A或B: Expresses alternative choices or degrees.
3. Fixed phrase 无A无B: Indicates continuous or uninterrupted action or state.
4. Fixed phrase A这A那: Describes repetitive or varied actions or complaints.
5. Fixed phrase 左A右B: Describes alternating or indecisive actions or thoughts.
6. Phrase 不怎么: Expresses a mild negative evaluation.
7. Phrase 不怎么样: Expresses a stronger negative evaluation.
8. Phrase 好（不）容易: Emphasizes difficulty in achieving something.
9. Phrase 那倒（也）是: Expresses agreement or concession with a positive spin.
10. Phrase 就是说/这就是说: Clarifies or rephrases a previous statement.
11. Phrase 算了: Suggests giving up or dropping a matter.
12. Fixed format A—+量词，B—+量词: Describes alternating or repeated quantities or actions.
13. Fixed format 东一A，西一A: Describes scattered or inconsistent actions or speech.

14. Fixed format 为了⋯⋯而⋯⋯: Expresses purpose or cause.

15. Semantic types of objects: Distinguishes place objects and result objects as sentence components.

16. Directional complements: Uses verb+directional particles to express changes in state or movement.
17. "把" construction for causation: Emphasizes that the subject causes the object to change state or condition.
18. Passive sentences with 被/叫/让: Indicate the subject is acted upon by an agent or circumstance.
19. Coordinated compound sentences with 时而⋯⋯，时而⋯⋯: Describe alternating states or actions.
20. Coordinated compound sentences with 一时⋯⋯一时⋯⋯: Describe fluctuating conditions.
21. Sequential compound sentences with ⋯⋯便⋯⋯: Indicate immediate succession between clauses.
22. Progressive compound sentences with 不但不/不但没有⋯⋯，反而⋯⋯: Express contrast with an unexpected opposite outcome.
23. Progressive compound sentences with 不是⋯⋯，还/还是⋯⋯: Indicate a condition plus an additional related action or fact.
24. Progressive compound sentences with 连⋯⋯也/都⋯⋯，⋯⋯更⋯⋯: Emphasize inclusivity with comparison.
25. Alternative compound sentences with 要么⋯⋯，要么⋯⋯: Present choices or alternatives.
26. Concessive compound sentences with 虽⋯⋯，但/可/却/也⋯⋯: Express concession and contrast.
27. Conditional compound sentences with ⋯⋯，要不然/不然⋯⋯: Indicate consequences if conditions are not met.
28. Conditional compound sentences with 凡是⋯⋯，都⋯⋯: Express universality or generality.
29. Concessive compound sentences with 就算/就是⋯⋯也⋯⋯: Express allowance despite conditions.
30. Compressed compound sentences with 不⋯⋯不⋯⋯: Emphasize necessity or inevitability of actions.
31. Multiple compound sentences: Combine several clauses to express complex relationships.
32. Emphasis with 非⋯⋯不可: Expresses absolute necessity or determination.
    
    Colloquial Patterns  
    
    
    1. Colloquial pattern X到Y头上来了: Expresses that something negative is directed at someone.
    2. Colloquial pattern X就X吧: Indicates resignation or acceptance.
    3. Colloquial pattern X是X: Acknowledges a fact but expresses uncertainty or reservation.
    4. Colloquial pattern 不X不⋯⋯，一X⋯⋯: Expresses surprise or emphasizes unexpected results.
    5. Colloquial pattern 好你个X: Expresses exclamation or accusation toward someone.
    6. Colloquial pattern 动词+什么（就）是什么: Expresses going along with whatever is said or decided.
    7. Colloquial pattern 早（也）不X，晚（也）不X: Describes someone’s timing as always inconvenient.
    8. Colloquial pattern 看/瞧把+宾语（施事）+X得: Emphasizes degree of an emotion or action.
    9. Colloquial pattern 放着X不Y: Expresses regret that something good is not being used or done.
    10. Colloquial pattern X来X去，都是/就是⋯⋯: Expresses that repeated arguments or actions are pointless.
    11. Colloquial pattern X了就X了，（没）有⋯⋯: Indicates acceptance of an undesirable outcome.
    12. Colloquial pattern 这/那也不X，那/这也不Y: Expresses dissatisfaction with multiple aspects of something.