Understanding 可能补语2: 动词+得/不得

In Chinese, the structure 动词+得/不得 is used to express the possibility or ability of performing an action. The particle "得" indicates that the action can be performed, while "不得" indicates that the action cannot be performed or is prohibited.

1. Usage of 得: When a verb is followed by "得," it suggests that the action is possible or permissible. For example:

2. 这种药吃得还是吃不得，得听医生的。 (This medicine can be taken or not; you must listen to the doctor.) Here, "吃得" implies that taking the medicine is possible.

3. Usage of 不得: Conversely, when a verb is followed by "不得," it indicates that the action is not allowed or cannot be done. For example:

4. 这些东西你可拿不得，很危险的。 (You cannot take these things; they are very dangerous.) In this case, "拿不得" emphasizes that taking the items is prohibited.

5. Expressing Prohibition: The structure can also be used to express strong prohibitions or rules:

6. 这种没有原则的话可说不得。 (Such principle-less words cannot be spoken.) Here, "说不得" indicates that speaking such words is not allowed.

In summary, the 动词+得/不得 structure is essential for expressing the possibility or prohibition of actions in Chinese, helping to convey nuances in meaning regarding what can or cannot be done.