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In Chinese, degree adverbs are used to express the intensity or extent of an adjective or verb. The adverbs 格外 (géwài), 极 (jí), and 极其 (jíqí) are commonly used to emphasize a high degree of a quality.
格外 (géwài): This adverb means "especially" or "particularly." It is used to highlight that something is more than usual or expected. For example, in the sentence "老师今天格外开心" (The teacher is especially happy today), 格外 emphasizes the teacher's happiness beyond the normal level.
极 (jí): This adverb translates to "extremely" or "very." It is used to indicate a high degree of something. In the sentence "这些字极小，我都看不清楚" (These characters are extremely small; I can't see them clearly), 极 emphasizes the smallness of the characters.
极其 (jíqí): Similar to 极, 极其 means "extremely" or "exceedingly," but it carries a stronger emphasis. In the sentence "校长是一个极其负责的人" (The principal is an extremely responsible person), 极其 underscores the principal's responsibility to a greater extent than just using 极.
These adverbs can be used interchangeably in some contexts, but the choice between them can affect the nuance of the sentence. Generally, 格外 is more about a comparative degree, while 极 and 极其 convey a more absolute intensity.